This book consists of 5 chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on the importance of pore structure in carbon materials. Chapter 2 discusses the synthesis, preparation, and modification techniques of porous carbons, particularly emphasizing the design and control of microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous carbons. Chapter 3 explores the applications of porous carbons in energy storage and conversion, specifically highlighting their characteristics in various types of batteries and supercapacitors. Chapter 4 delves into the environmental applications of porous carbons, primarily focusing on adsorption, purification, and catalysis. Lastly, Chapter 5 provides a summary and outlook.