This book focuses on two key steps in the execution process of cloud workflows: cloud workflow task assignment and virtual resource provisioning. It investigates the theoretical problems, key technologies, and methods for collaborative, adaptive multi-workflow scheduling in a cloud computing environment with containers as a new type of virtualization unit. This aims to balance the interests of both cloud service supply and demand sides while ensuring the fulfillment of user service level agreements. The research team of this book has long been engaged in foundational theoretical and applied research in fields such as key technologies of cloud computing, machine learning algorithms, and multi-agent systems.