This book is aimed at addressing the significant demand for national pollution control. It combines a class of intelligent modeling problems for detecting difficult-to-measure parameters such as product quality and environmental indicators from actual complex industrial processes using sparse high-dimensional data. Focusing on the incineration process of municipal solid waste (MSWI) in a city in Beijing, the book provides a systematic and in-depth discussion of intelligent detection technology for the concentration of pollutants (dioxins), including modeling techniques based on feature reduction, ensemble learning, virtual sample generation, and swarm intelligence optimization. The research on artificial intelligence algorithms for modeling dioxin emissions from MSWI aims to provide strong support for optimizing the operation of this process and controlling urban pollution emissions, thus promoting sustainable development of the ecological environment.