This book consists of two volumes: Biographies of Chinese Translation Masters and Biographies of Western Translation Masters, focusing on the fields of religion, literature, and technology. Each part includes a summary, main text, discussion questions, and excerpts and analysis of translators’ works. (1) Biographies of Chinese Translation Masters features renowned translators such as Kumarajiva, Xuanzang, YAN Fu, XU Guangqi, ZHAO Yuanren, and Sidney Shapiro. (2) Biographies of Western Translation Masters includes translators of the Bible like Jerome and Martin Luther, and also delves into figures not extensively covered in textbooks, such as Dryden, Voltaire, and Goethe. It also highlights sinologists who made significant contributions to the history of cultural exchange between China and the West, including translators like Matteo Ricci, Jean Pierre Abel Rémusat, G？ran Malmqvist, Pearl S. Buck, Howard Goldblatt, and Stephen Owen. They played pivotal roles in promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture abroad, outlining the history of communication and exchange between Chinese and foreign cultures. By examining representative translators from ancient to modern times and their achievements, this work seeks to elucidate the evolving characteristics of translation itself.