目 录
第1章 无人机概论 ·······································································1
1.1 无人机简介 ······················································································2
1.2 无人机发展简史 ················································································4
1.2.1 产生背景 ··································································································4
1.2.2 发展历程 ··································································································5
1.3 无人机分类 ·····················································································10
1.3.1 按飞行平台分类 ························································································10
1.3.2 按用途分类 ······························································································17
1.3.3 按运行风险大小分类 ··················································································17
1.3.4 按飞行高度分类 ························································································18
1.3.5 按活动半径分类 ························································································18
1.4 无人机的发展方向 ············································································18
1.4.1 高空长航时化 ···························································································18
1.4.2 无人机隐形化 ···························································································21
1.4.3 空中预警化 ······························································································23
1.4.4 空中格斗化 ······························································································24
1.4.5 集群智能化 ······························································································25
第2章 无人机的基本构造及原理 ···················································29
2.1 空气动力学与飞行原理 ······································································30
2.1.1 大气的基本知识 ························································································30
2.1.2 空气的特性 ······························································································32
2.1.3 标准大气 ·································································································34
2.1.4 气流特性 ·································································································35
2.1.5 连续性定理与伯努利方程 ············································································37
无人机原理、应用与防控
IV
2.1.6 机翼·······································································································40
2.1.7 升力与阻力 ······························································································42
2.1.8 影响升力与阻力的因素 ···············································································44
2.1.9 增升装置 ·································································································46
2.1.10 无人机的稳定性与操纵 ·············································································48
2.2 固定翼无人机 ··················································································50
2.2.1 固定翼无人机的组成及其功能 ······································································50
2.2.2 固定翼无人机的结构特点及分类 ···································································52
2.2.3 蒙皮的结构特点及分类 ···············································································60
2.2.4 尾翼的结构特点及分类 ···············································································61
2.2.5 起落架的结构特点及布局 ············································································66
2.2.6 气动布局 ·································································································70
2.3 无人直升机 ·····················································································71
2.3.1 单旋翼带尾桨无人直升机 ············································································71
2.3.2 共轴双旋翼无人直升机 ···············································································79
2.4 多旋翼无人机 ··················································································80
2.4.1 多旋翼无人机的出现及发展 ·········································································80
2.4.2 多旋翼无人机的结构 ··················································································81
2.4.3 多旋翼无人机的控制 ··················································································85
2.4.4 多旋翼无人机的特点 ··················································································86
2.5 垂直起降固定翼无人机 ······································································87
2.5.1 垂直起降固定翼无人机的发展及结构 ·····························································87
2.5.2 固定翼多旋翼复合型垂直起降无人机的结构与飞行原理 ··································88
2.5.3 倾转旋翼固定翼垂直起降无人机的结构与飞行原理 ········································89
2.5.4 尾座式垂直起降固定翼无人机的结构与飞行原理 ··············································91
2.6 发动机 ···························································································92
2.6.1 航空活塞发动机 ························································································92
2.6.2 涡轮轴发动机 ···························································································95
2.6.3 涡轮螺旋桨式发动机 ··················································································97
2.6.4 涡轮喷气式发动机 ·····················································································98
2.6.5 涡轮风扇式发动机 ···················································································102
2.7 电动系统 ······················································································103
2.7.1 电动无人机 ····························································································103
2.7.2 电机·····································································································104
目 录
V
2.7.3 电调·····································································································106
2.7.4 螺旋桨 ··································································································106
2.7.5 电池·····································································································107
第3章 无人机应用 ····································································111
3.1 无人机的应用领域 ··········································································112
3.1.1 军用级别的无人机 ···················································································112
3.1.2 民用级别的无人机 ···················································································116
3.2 无人机的应用环境 ··········································································121
3.2.1 无人机管理规范 ······················································································122
3.2.2 技术标准 ·······························································································123
3.2.3 无人机飞行要求 ······················································································124
3.3 无人机的线路规划 ··········································································126
3.3.1 航空定位定向系统 ···················································································127
3.3.2 线路规划 ·······························································································129
3.3.3 倾斜摄影 ·······························································································140
第4章 无人机防控应用 ·····························································141
4.1 无人机防控应用背景 ·······································································142
4.1.1 无人飞行器飞行条例及制度规定 ·································································143
4.1.2 无人飞行器飞行空域 ················································································145
4.1.3 无人机运行管理规定 ················································································147
4.1.4 无人机飞行存在的安全隐患 ·······································································150
4.1.5 无人机警用防控的必要性和重要性 ······························································151
4.2 无人机警用防控应用案例 ·································································152
4.3 无人机警用防控应用技术概述 ···························································153
4.4 无人机警用防控应用建设方案 ···························································155
4.4.1 设计原则及建设目标 ················································································155
4.4.2 系统配置方案概述 ···················································································156
4.4.3 方案一：TDOA+固定式反制+便携式反制 ···················································156
4.4.4 方案二：车载式察打一体+便携式反制 ························································160
4.4.5 系统组网方案 ·························································································161
无人机原理、应用与防控
4.4.6 设备配置方案 ·························································································163
4.5 无人机警用防控应用技术模块 ···························································164
第5章 无人机监测跟踪应用 ·······················································169
5.1 无人机监测跟踪应用的背景 ······························································170
5.2 无人机监测跟踪应用的技术概论 ························································172
5.2.1 雷达探测技术 ·························································································172
5.2.2 光电监测技术 ·························································································181
5.2.3 无线电频谱监测技术 ················································································182
5.2.4 多源融合监测技术 ···················································································185
5.3 无人机监测跟踪应用的产品及解决方案 ···············································185
5.3.1 典型的无人机监测跟踪产品—TDOA无人机监测定位系统 ··························185
5.3.2 典型的无人机监测跟踪解决方案—TDOA网格化城市级无人机监测管控
解决方案 ·······························································································188
5.4 无人机监测跟踪应用实践案例 ···························································192
第6章 无人机防御反制应用 ·······················································195
6.1 无人机防御反制应用的背景 ······························································196
6.2 无人机防御反制应用的技术概论 ························································198
6.2.1 硬杀伤技术 ····························································································198
6.2.2 软杀伤技术 ····························································································199
6.3 无人机防御反制应用的产品及解决方案 ···············································201
6.3.1 典型的无人机防御反制产品—无线电干扰压制设备 ·······································201
6.3.2 典型的无人机防御反制解决方案—无线电频谱监测压制联动解决方案 ···········205
6.4 无人机防御反制应用实践案例 ···························································215
