目 录

Contents 

第1单元　堆栈队列.......................................................... 0011.1　认识数据结构.................................................................. 002 

1.2　堆栈 ................................................................................ 003 

1.3　队列 ................................................................................ 009 

1.4　堆栈和队列的基本应用 ................................................... 012 

习题......................................................................................... 017 

第2单元　算法分析.......................................................... 0192.1　计算的复杂性.................................................................. 020 

2.2　时间复杂度 ..................................................................... 021 

2.3　空间复杂度 ..................................................................... 029 

2.4　优秀算法的评价标准....................................................... 032 

习题......................................................................................... 033 

第3单元　排序算法..........................................................0353.1　冒泡排序......................................................................... 036 

3.2　选择排序......................................................................... 039 

3.3　直接插入排序.................................................................. 042 

习题......................................................................................... 045 

第4单元　查找算法..........................................................0474.1　顺序查找......................................................................... 049 

4.2　二分查找......................................................................... 051 

4.3　插值查找......................................................................... 055 

习题......................................................................................... 059 

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第5单元　匹配算法.......................................................... 061

5.1　字符串暴力匹配算法（BF 算法） ...................................062

5.2　字符串匹配KMP 算法.....................................................064

5.3　字符串匹配BM 算法.......................................................071

习题.........................................................................................076

第6单元　蒙特卡罗算法..................................................078

6.1　蒙特卡罗算法简介 ..........................................................079

6.2　蒙特卡罗算法的应用.......................................................081

习题.........................................................................................085

第7单元　分形算法..........................................................087

7.1　大自然中的分形几何.......................................................088

7.2　Koch 曲线的递归算法.....................................................091

7.3　分形树的递归算法 ..........................................................094

7.4　牛顿迭代算法..................................................................096

习题.........................................................................................102

第8单元　聚类算法.......................................................... 103

8.1　认识聚类.........................................................................104

8.2　鸢尾花分类 .....................................................................106

8.3　分散性聚类算法（K-means）.........................................107

8.4　基于层次的聚类算法(AGNES) ........................................114

8.5　基于密度的聚类算法(DBSCAN)......................................118

习题.........................................................................................124

第9单元　预测算法.......................................................... 126

9.1　普通线性回归预测算法 ...................................................127

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9.2　岭回归预测算法 ..............................................................133

9.3　Lasso 回归预测算法 .......................................................137

习题.........................................................................................141

第10单元　调度算法........................................................ 143

10.1　进程调度.......................................................................144

10.2　先来先服务调度算法.....................................................145

10.3　短作业优先调度算法.....................................................147

10.4　优先级调度算法 ............................................................151

习题.........................................................................................156

第11单元　分类算法......................................................... 158

11.1　支持向量机分类算法.....................................................160

11.2　K-最近邻算法...............................................................161

11.3　随机森林算法................................................................163

习题.........................................................................................169

第12单元　路径算法......................................................... 171

12.1　路径算法概述................................................................172

12.2　迪杰斯特拉算法 ............................................................174

12.3　弗洛伊德算法................................................................179

12.4　SPFA 算法.....................................................................186

习题.........................................................................................189

附录A　人工智能及机器学习基础..................................... 191