大数据技术与人工智能应用系列
人工智能通识与应用（微课版）
主 编 陈文青 韩春玲副主编 魏尹娟 刘 佳 张嘉瑶 王秋月
清华大学出版社北 京
内容简介
本书遵循“通识为基、应用为要、素养为魂”为编写理念，按照“认知—理解—应用—创造”的进阶逻辑，旨在帮助读者建立对AI 的整体认知与正确的价值导向，培养人机沟通的核心素养。本书内容涵盖人工智能认知与科技伦理、提示词与高效对话、智能写作与高效办公，以及从绘画设计到音视频合成的创意实践，最终引导读者创造专属的AI 智能体助手。本书以真实工作任务为牵引，融入绍兴文旅、非遗技艺等本土案例，力求让学生“看得懂”原理、“用得好”工具、“守得住”伦理底线。
本书可作为高等职业院校各专业人工智能通识课程教材，也可供本科院校、中等职业学校学生学习。全书案例丰富、操作翔实，无须编程基础即可上手，既适合课堂教学，也便于读者自主学习与实践。
本书封面贴有清华大学出版社防伪标签，无标签者不得销售。版权所有，侵权必究。举报：010-62782989，beiqinquan@tup.tsinghua.edu.cn。
图书在版编目（CIP）数据
人工智能通识与应用：微课版/ 陈文青，韩春玲主编. --北京：清华大学出版社，2026.9. （大数据技术与人工智能应用系列）. -- ISBN 978-7-302-72459-9
Ⅰ. TP18 中国国家版本馆CIP 数据核字第2026F20Y31 号
责任编辑：张龙卿封面设计：刘代书 钟明哲责任校对：李 梅责任印制：丛怀宇
出版发行：清华大学出版社网址：https://www.tup.com.cn, https://www.wqxuetang.com地址：北京清华大学学研大厦A 座邮编：100084社总机：010-83470000 邮购：010-62786544投稿与读者服务：010-62776969, c-service@tup.tsinghua.edu.cn质量反馈：010-62772015, zhiliang@tup.tsinghua.edu.cn配套资源下载：https://www.tup.com.cn, 010-83470410
印装者：河北龙大印务有限公司经销：全国新华书店开本：185mm×260mm 印张：14 字数：318 千字版次：2026 年９月第1 版印次：2026 年９月第1 次印刷定价：69.80 元
产品编号：117780-01
前 言
人工智能（AI）正以前所未有的速度重塑人类社会的生产方式、生活形态与知识体
系。从ChatGPT 的横空出世到国产大模型的惊艳亮相，从大语言模型的迭代跃迁到智
能体的蓬勃兴起，人工智能已从实验室走向课堂、车间、医院与海港，成为驱动产业升级和
社会进步的核心引擎。在这场深刻的技术变革中，高等职业教育肩负着培养数以千万计
高素质技术技能人才的重任，如何让每一位高职学生都能理解人工智能、运用人工智能、
与人工智能协同共进，已成为新时代职业教育必须回答的问题。这不仅是技术教育的问
题，更是关乎人才培养质量、关乎产业未来竞争力、关乎每一位青年学子职业发展的根本
命题。
“人工智能通识与应用”作为浙江省职业教育一流人工智能课程，配套教材的编写并非简单的知识汇编，而是一次面向智能时代职业院校人才培养的系统性探索。编写团队在深入调研后发现，当前市面上的AI 教材要么偏重理论讲解，让高职学生望而生畏；要么流于工具罗列，缺乏对技术本质的深入理解。有鉴于此，本教材确立了“通识为基、应用为要、素养为魂”的编写理念，力求在知识深度与操作温度之间找到平衡，让学生既能“看得懂”技术原理，又能“用得上”AI 工具，更能“守得住”伦理底线。这三个看似朴素
的目标，实则构成了高职AI 通识教育的完整能力图谱。
本教材共包括8 章内容，遵循“认知—理解—应用—创造”的进阶逻辑，构建了一条
从认识人工智能到搭建智能体的完整学习路径。第1 章带领学生走进人工智能的世界，
厘清其发展脉络、基本概念与核心技术，建立对AI 的整体认知；第2 章聚焦提示工程，
从提示工程基础到CRISPE、BROKE 等结构化框架，再到思维链与元指令等高级技巧，
培养学生与AI 高效对话的核心素养，这是驾驭AI 的第一步；第3 章系统讲解智能写作，
涵盖文案创作、报告公文、邮件与信函、创意写作与长文案写作策略，让学生从笔耕不辍
走向人机合著；第4 章聚焦AI 智能办公，围绕文档智能处理、AI 数据处理与演示文稿
三大场景，讲解智能撰写、用自然语言写公式、AI 数据分析与一键生成PPT 等高效技能，
全面提升办公效率；第5 章走进AI 绘画与图像处理，从文生图、图生图到老照片修复、
智能抠图、风格迁移，让人人都可以成为设计师；第6 章探索AI 视频创作，涵盖文生视频、
图生视频、智能剪辑、字幕生成、视频特效与虚拟数字人等内容，开启动态视觉的智能创
作；第7 章讲解AI 音频技术，包括语音合成、音乐生成、音效制作、音频降噪与语音转文字，
实现声音的智能合成与处理；第8 章则将学习推向高潮，引导学生运用低代码平台搭建属
于自己的AI 智能体，从智能体认知、搭建全流程到绍兴景点海报助手等应用案例，完成从
工具使用者到工具创造者的跨越。本教材的架构既保证了知识体系的完整性，又契合了职业院校学生从感知到实践、从模仿到创造的认知规律，使学习过程如同攀登阶梯，每一步都扎实且清晰。
本教材在编写中着力体现四方面的特色。其一，突出职教属性。每一章均以真实工作任务为牵引，让学生在做中学、学中做，真正实现理实一体。其二，融入地域文化。教材大量采用绍兴文旅、非遗技艺、校园生活等本土案例，如“绍兴文旅小助手”“非遗宣传片配乐”“鲁迅故里欢迎词”等，让技术学习扎根于文化土壤，增强学生的文化自信与家国情怀。其三，坚守伦理底线。全书贯穿AI 伦理教育，从版权保护、隐私安全到深度伪造防范，引导学生树立“科技向善”的价值观念，明白技术能力越大，责任也就越大。其四，降低学习门槛。教材选用扣子、即梦、剪映等低代码或零代码工具，让不同专业背景的学生都能轻松上手，享受AI 创造的乐趣，而不被编程门槛所阻隔。
本教材是绍兴职业技术学院重点建设教材，同时作为2026 年度全国高等职业院校信息化教学改革暨教材建设研究项目的成果，凝聚了团队对AI 通识教育的系统思考。在编写过程中，团队反复打磨案例、迭代内容，力求让每一页都经得起课堂检验，让每一个任务都能在教学中落地生根。我们也清醒地认识到，人工智能技术迭代迅速，教材内容需要持续更新，因此本教材配套建设了数字化资源，使纸质教材与数字资源形成有机互补，保持内容的时代性与生命力。
本教材由绍兴职业技术学院与杭州百科圆教育科技有限公司共同开发，是一线教师与企业工程师协同攻关的成果。教材编写分工如下：陈文青负责编写第1 章、第5 章、第8 章，并与刘佳共同编写第6 章；韩春玲负责编写第4 章；魏尹娟负责编写第3 章；张嘉瑶负责编写第2 章；王秋月负责编写第7 章；全书由陈文青负责统稿。编写团队中，刘佳来自杭州百科圆教育科技有限公司，为教材注入了来自产业一线的真实需求与技术视角；其余编写者均为绍兴职业技术学院教师，具有丰富的高职教学经验与课程建设积累。这种校企结合的编写模式，使教材既能扎根课堂、贴近学生，又能对接产业、呼应行业，避免了纯学术编写可能带来的脱离实际之弊，也弥补了纯企业编写可能忽视教学规律之短。
本教材的付梓，离不开各方的支持与帮助。感谢同行专家提出的宝贵意见，让内容更加完善；感谢绍兴职业技术学院的领导与同事们，是他们的鼓励与协作让这项工作得以顺利推进。特别要感谢我们的学生，他们在课堂上的每一次提问、每一次尝试、每一次创造，都是教材不断优化的动力源泉。人工智能的发展日新月异，教材的编写永远是一项“未完成”的事业。我们深知，书中难免存在疏漏与不足，恳请广大读者和同人不吝赐教。愿这本教材能成为高职学生迈入智能时代的一扇门，让他们在理解技术的同时保持人文温度，在掌握工具的同时坚守价值理性，成长为既懂技术又懂伦理、既能动手又能思考的新时代技术技能人才。
编 者2026 年6 月于绍兴
目 录
第1 章 人工智能认知与科技伦理 ·························································1
1.1
人工智能与生成式AI 概述································································· 2
1.1.1
人工智能的起源、发展与分类 ···················································· 2
1.1.2
生成式AI 的概念、特点与演进··················································· 3
1.1.3
人工智能与生成式AI 的典型应用领域 ········································ 4
1.2
人工智能基础理论 ··········································································· 6
1.2.1
机器学习基础 ········································································ 6
1.2.2
深度学习与神经网络 ······························································· 6
1.2.3
自然语言处理与计算机视觉 ······················································ 7
1.2.4
大语言模型基础认知 ······························································· 8
1.3
AI 伦理安全与未来展望···································································· 9
1.3.1
AI 伦理规范与国家安全 ··························································· 9
1.3.2
算法偏见、隐私保护与责任归属 ················································· 9
1.3.3
人工智能的未来发展趋势与社会责任 ·········································10
1.4
实践任务······················································································11 实践任务1 ：调研身边三个AI 应用并分析其AI 技术与社会价值 ··············11 实践任务2 ：结合“鲁迅故里”游客数据采集场景开展AI 隐私保护讨论 ·······11 实践任务3 ：小组讨论AI 换脸技术的伦理边界与法律规范 ······················12
本章小结 ·····························································································12
第2 章 驾驭AI 的第一步：提示词与高效对话········································ 13
2.1
提示工程基础：构建高质量指令 ·························································14
2.1.1
什么是提示工程 ····································································14
2.1.2
模型输出的决定因素：角色、指令、语境·······································15
2.2
高效提问框架：从“随便问问”到“精准指挥”··········································17
2.2.1
情景学习：零样本和少样本提示················································17
2.2.2
CRISPE 与BROKE 等主流结构化提示框架 ·································18
2.2.3
思维链与分步推理框架 ···························································22
2.2.4
迭代优化技巧：像打磨艺术品一样打磨答案·································23
2.3
高级思维引导：元问题与元指令 ·························································24
2.3.1 元问题和元指令教AI 如何思考问题 ··········································24 2.3.2 元问题和元指令的作用 ···························································25
2.4 实践任务······················································································27 实践任务1 ：运用角色扮演法让AI 模拟HR 筛选简历并生成面试提问清单 ···27 实践任务2 ：运用思维链提示让AI 为“越剧文化进校园”设计推广方案 ·······27 实践任务3 ：综合运用提示技巧为特定人群定制一周健康饮食计划············28
本章小结 ·····························································································28
第3 章 智能写作：从笔耕不辍到人机合著············································ 29
3.1
智能写作概述················································································30
3.1.1
智能写作的定义与发展 ···························································30
3.1.2
主流智能写作工具介绍与对比 ··················································31
3.1.3
智能写作的应用场景与优势 ·····················································32
3.2
智能写作实战技巧 ··········································································33
3.2.1
文案创作：广告语、产品描述与营销软文 ·····································33
3.2.2
报告与公文写作：工作总结、新闻稿与通知 ··································36
3.2.3
邮件与信函：商务沟通与个性化邮件··········································40
3.2.4
创意写作：小说、剧本与诗歌创作 ··············································43
3.2.5
长文案写作技巧：结构化大纲与分段生成策略······························46
3.3
智能写作进阶················································································49
3.3.1
AI 辅助润色与风格迁移 ··························································49
3.3.2
多轮对话式写作与迭代优化 ·····················································50
3.4
实践任务······················································································52 实践任务1 ：使用AI 撰写一篇绍兴黄酒节的产品推广文案 ······················52 实践任务2 ：利用AI 生成一份学期学习总结报告并完成智能排版 ·············52 实践任务3 ：借助AI 完成一封商务合作邮件的撰写 ·······························53
本章小结 ·····························································································53
第4 章 AI 智能办公：文档、数据与演示文稿的高效处理 ··························· 54
4.1
文档智能处理················································································55
4.1.1
智能撰写与修改润色：个性化沟通与批量处理······························55
4.1.2
AI 全文总结与问答：一分钟读懂万字长文 ···································57
4.1.3
AI 智能排版与格式优化：生成专业规范的文档·····························59
4.2
AI 数据处理···················································································62
4.2.1
AI 条件格式与智能标记：让数据规律一目了然 ·····························62
4.2.2
用自然语言写公式：对AI 说需求，它来写函数 ·····························64
4.2.3
AI 高阶表格操作：跨表计算、数据清洗一步到位 ···························65
4.2.4
AI 数据分析：销售预测与用户画像辅助决策 ································66
4.3
AI 驱动演示文稿的设计与交付···························································69
4.3.1 从大纲到PPT ：AI 智能一键生成结构化演示文稿 ·························69
4.3.2
单页与全局美化：图文智能搭配、智能配色推荐与版式综合优化 ·······72
4.3.3
AI 辅助生成演讲备注与检查校对演示文稿 ··································77
4.4 实践任务······················································································80 实践任务1 ：围绕“人工智能在我的专业中的应用”完成AI 辅助全流程
报告创作·····································································80
实践任务2 ：基于天猫图书销售数据的AI 清洗、分析与可视化洞察 ···········80
实践任务3 ：以“我为家乡特产代言”为主题驱动AI 生成并美化演示文稿 ····81
本章小结 ·····························································································81
第5 章 AI 绘画与图像处理：人人都是设计师 ········································· 83
5.1
文生图：用文字召唤画面 ··································································84
5.1.1
文生图入门：主流工具与基本操作·············································84
5.1.2
提示词撰写技巧：主体描述、风格指定与参数设置 ·························85
5.1.3
文生图实战：不同风格作品的生成技巧·······································86
5.2
图生图：多种方法让图像演变出无限可能 ·············································89
5.2.1
参考图生图：风格迁移与角色复刻·············································89
5.2.2
局部重绘：精细化修改与缺陷修复·············································91
5.2.3
扩图与补全：智能延展画面边界················································92
5.2.4
图生图实战：照片转卡通、换装与场景变换 ··································94
5.2.5
线稿上色与草图细化：从线稿到成品的AI 辅助 ····························97
5.2.6
多图融合与创意合成：打造全新视觉作品····································99
5.3
AI 图片处理与编辑········································································ 102
5.3.1
老照片修复与画质增强 ························································· 103
5.3.2
智能抠图与背景替换 ···························································· 105
5.3.3
图像风格迁移：一键变身名画风·············································· 106
5.3.4
一键清除水印与杂物 ···························································· 107
5.3.5
人像美化与智能修图 ···························································· 109
5.3.6
无损放大与分辨率提升 ························································· 110
5.4
实践任务···················································································· 110 实践任务1 ：使用文生图工具为绍兴传统小吃设计“国潮”风格包装插画···· 110 实践任务2 ：利用图生图功能将个人照片转换为水墨画风格··················· 110 实践任务3 ：利用AI 修复绍兴水乡老照片并进行高清化处理 ················· 111
本章小结 ··························································································· 111
第6 章 AI 视频：动态视觉的智能创作·················································112
6.1 AI 视频生成················································································· 113
6.1.1
文生视频：用文字描述生成动态画面········································ 113
6.1.2
图生视频：让静态图片“活”起来·············································· 120
6.1.3
主流AI 视频生成工具介绍与对比 ··········································· 125
6.2 AI 视频简单编辑与应用·································································· 126
6.2.1 视频智能剪辑与自动配音 ······················································ 126
6.2.2 一键去水印与画质修复 ························································· 127
6.2.3 字幕生成与样式调整 ···························································· 129
6.3 AI 视频特效与虚拟数字人应用························································· 139
6.3.1 视频特效添加与动态合成 ······················································ 139
6.3.2 虚拟数字人基础：形象生成、动作驱动、语音合成························· 140
6.3.3 创意转场与风格转换 ···························································· 143
6.4 实践任务···················································································· 144 实践任务1 ：使用AI 视频工具为绍兴黄酒或传统小吃制作短视频广告 ····· 144 实践任务2 ：为鲁迅故里或绍兴水乡制作AI 文旅宣传视频 ···················· 144 实践任务3 ：设计一个简单的虚拟数字人并配置欢迎语音······················ 145 本章小结 ··························································································· 145
第7 章 AI 音频：声音的智能合成与处理 ··············································146
7.1 AI 音频生成················································································· 147
7.1.1 文本转语音：多风格语音合成················································· 147
7.1.2 AI 音乐生成：旋律创作与背景音乐制作 ···································· 150
7.1.3 AI 音效生成：多场景环境音与特殊音效 ···································· 153
7.2 AI 音频简单处理··········································································· 155
7.2.1 音频降噪与人声增强 ···························································· 155
7.2.2 音频剪辑、拼接与音量调节 ···················································· 156
7.2.3 格式转换与简单混音 ···························································· 157
7.3 AI 音频内容识别与应用·································································· 159
7.3.1 语音转文字技术及其应用场景 ················································ 159
7.3.2 会议录音智能整理与纪要生成 ················································ 160
7.3.3 多语种实时翻译与跨文化交流 ················································ 165
7.4 实践任务···················································································· 166 实践任务1 ：利用AI 语音工具生成绍兴方言版本的旅游欢迎语 ·············· 166 实践任务2 ：对一段带有噪声的采访录音进行AI 降噪并剪辑精彩片段 ····· 167 实践任务3 ：使用AI 工具为校园活动短视频生成背景音乐 ···················· 167 本章小结 ··························································································· 168
第8 章智能体搭建：创建你的AI 助手················································169
8.1 智能体认知················································································· 170
8.1.1 什么是智能体：感知、决策与执行的闭环 ··································· 171
8.1.2 智能体的类型：对话型、任务型、协作型····································· 172
8.1.3 智能体的工作原理：大模型驱动的自主智能······························· 173
8.2 智能体搭建全流程 ········································································ 175
8.2.1 常用低代码/ 无代码智能体开发平台介绍·································· 175
8.2.2 智能体基础创建：信息设定与角色人设配置······························· 176
8.2.3 智能体能力增强：插件工具与知识库配置·································· 177
8.2.4 智能体流程编排：工作流可视化设计········································ 178
8.2.5 调试与优化：让智能体更“聪明”·············································· 178
8.2.6 智能体发布与分享：让助手走向应用········································ 180
8.3 智能体应用案例 ··········································································· 180
8.3.1 绍兴景点海报助手 ······························································· 180
8.3.2 小红书图文创作助手 ···························································· 191
8.3.3 扣子搭建绍兴特色游智能体 ··················································· 200
8.4 实践任务···················································································· 209 实践任务1 ：基于低代码平台搭建一个校园导览问答智能体··················· 209 实践任务2 ：为绍兴黄酒企业搭建一个产品知识问答智能体··················· 210 实践任务3 ：设计并实现一个个人学习助理智能体······························· 211 本章小结 ··························································································· 211
参考文献························································································212
