目录
第一章绪论
1.1机器人学的起源与发展
1.1.1机器人学的起源
1.1.2机器人学的发展
1.2机器人的定义和特点
1.2.1机器人的定义
1.2.2机器人的主要特点
1.3机器人的构成与分类
1.3.1机器人系统的构成
1.3.2机器人的自由度
1.3.3机器人的分类
1.4机器人学的研究领域
1.5本书概要
1.6小结
习题
第二章机器人的空间描述和坐标变换
2.1位姿和坐标系描述
2.2平移和旋转坐标系映射
2.3平移和旋转齐次坐标变换
2.4物体的变换和变换方程
2.5通用旋转变换
2.6小结
习题
第三章机器人运动学
3.1机械手运动方程的表示
3.1.1机械手运动姿态和方向角的表示
3.1.2平移变换的不同坐标系表示
3.1.3A矩阵和T矩阵的表示
3.2机械手运动方程的求解
3.2.1欧拉变换解
3.2.2RPY变换解
3.2.3球面变换解
3.3机器人运动的分析与综合举例
3.3.1机器人运动分析举例
3.3.2机器人运动综合举例
3.4机器人的雅可比公式
3.4.1机器人的微分运动
3.4.2雅可比矩阵的定义与求解
3.4.3机器人雅可比矩阵计算举例
3.5小结
习题
第四章机器人动力学
4.1刚体的动力学方程
4.1.1刚体的动能与位能
4.1.2拉格朗日方程和牛顿欧拉方程
4.2机械手动力学方程的计算与简化
4.2.1质点速度的计算
4.2.2质点动能和位能的计算
4.2.3机械手动力学方程的推导
4.2.4机械手动力学方程的简化
4.3机械手动力学方程举例
4.3.1二连杆机械手动力学方程
4.3.2三连杆机械手的速度和加速度方程
4.4机器人的动态特性
4.4.1动态特性概述
4.4.2稳定性
4.4.3空间分辨度
4.4.4精度
4.4.5重复性
4.5机械手的静态特性
4.5.1静力和静力矩的表示
4.5.2不同坐标系间静力的变换
4.5.3关节力矩的确定
4.5.4负荷质量的确定
4.6小结
习题
第五章机器人位置和力控制
5.1机器人控制与传动概述
5.1.1机器人控制的分类、变量与层次
5.1.2机器人传动系统
5.2机器人的位置控制
5.2.1直流控制系统原理与数学模型
5.2.2机器人位置控制的一般结构
5.2.3单关节位置控制器的结构与模型
5.2.4多关节位置控制器的耦合与补偿
5.3机器人的力和位置混合控制
5.3.1柔顺运动与柔顺控制
5.3.2主动阻力控制
5.3.3力和位置混合控制方案和规律
5.3.4柔顺运动位移和力混合控制的计算
5.4机器人的分解运动控制
5.4.1分解运动控制原理
5.4.2分解运动速度控制
5.4.3分解运动加速度控制
5.4.4分解运动力控制
5.5小结
习题
第六章机器人高级控制
6.1机器人的变结构控制
6.1.1变结构控制的特点和原理
6.1.2机器人的滑模变结构控制
6.1.3机器人轨迹跟踪滑模变结构控制
6.2机器人的自适应控制
6.2.1自适应控制器的状态模型和结构
6.2.2机器人模型参考自适应控制器
6.2.3机器人自校正自适应控制器
6.2.4机器人线性摄动自适应控制器
6.3机器人的智能控制
6.3.1智能控制与智能控制系统概述
6.3.2主要智能控制系统简介
6.3.3机器人自适应模糊控制
6.3.4多指灵巧手的神经控制
6.4小结
习题
第七章机器人传感器
7.1机器人传感器概述
7.1.1机器人传感器的特点与分类
7.1.2应用传感器时应考虑的问题
7.2内传感器
7.2.1位移(位置)传感器
7.2.2速度和加速度传感器
7.2.3力觉传感器
7.3外传感器
7.3.1触觉传感器
7.3.2应力传感器
7.3.3接近度传感器
7.3.4其他外传感器
7.4机器人视觉装置
7.4.1机器人眼
7.4.2视频信号数字变换器
7.4.3固态视觉装置
7.5小结
习题
第八章机器人高层规划
8.1机器人规划概述
8.1.1规划的作用与问题分解途径
8.1.2机器人规划系统的任务与方法
8.2积木世界的机器人规划
8.2.1积木世界的机器人问题
8.2.2积木世界机器人规划的求解
8.3基于消解原理的机器人规划系统
8.3.1STRIPS系统的组成
8.3.2STRIPS系统规划过程
8.3.3含有多重解答的规划
8.4基于专家系统的机器人规划
8.4.1规划系统的结构和机理
8.4.2ROPES机器人规划系统
8.5机器人路径规划
8.5.1机器人路径规划的主要方法和发展趋势
8.5.2基于近似Voronoi图的机器人路径规划
8.5.3基于模拟退火算法的机器人局部路径规划
8.5.4基于免疫进化和示例学习的机器人路径规划
8.5.5基于蚁群算法的机器人路径规划
8.6小结
习题
第九章机器人轨迹规划
9.1轨迹规划应考虑的问题
9.2关节轨迹的插值计算
9.3笛卡儿路径轨迹规划
9.4规划轨迹的实时生成
9.5小结
习题
第十章机器人程序设计
10.1机器人编程要求与语言类型
10.1.1对机器人编程的要求
10.1.2机器人编程语言的类型
10.2机器人语言系统结构和基本功能
10.2.1机器人语言系统的结构
10.2.2机器人编程语言的基本功能
10.3常用的机器人编程语言
10.3.1VAL语言
10.3.2SIGLA语言
10.3.3IML语言
10.3.4AL语言
10.4机器人的离线编程
10.4.1机器人离线编程的特点和主要内容
10.4.2机器人离线编程系统的结构
10.4.3机器人离线编程仿真系统HOLPSS
10.5小结
习题
第十一章机器人应用
11.1应用工业机器人必须考虑的因素
11.1.1机器人的任务估计
11.1.2应用机器人三要素
11.1.3使用机器人的经验准则
11.1.4采用机器人的步骤
11.2机器人的应用领域
11.2.1工业机器人
11.2.2探索机器人
11.2.3服务机器人
11.2.4军事机器人
11.3工业机器人应用举例
11.3.1材料搬运机器人
11.3.2焊接机器人
11.3.3喷漆机器人
11.4小结
习题
第十二章机器人学展望
12.1机器人技术和市场的现状与预测
12.221世纪机器人技术的发展趋势
12.3应用机器人引起的社会问题
12.4克隆技术对智能机器人的挑战
12.5小结
习题
参考文献
英汉对照术语表
CONTENTS
Chapter 1Introduction
1.1Origin and Development of Robotics
1.1.1Origin of the Robotics
1.1.2Advances in Robotics
1.2Definition and Characteristics of Robots
1.2.1Definition of Robots
1.2.2Main Characteristics of Robots
1.3Structure and Classification of Robots
1.3.1Structure of a Robot System
1.3.2Degrees of Freedom of Robots
1.3.3Classification of Robots
1.4Research Topics for Robots
1.5Outline of the Book
1.6Summary
Exercises
Chapter 2Space Description and Coordinate Transformation
2.1Representation of Position,Attitude and Coordinate Frames
2.2Mapping of Transfer and Rotation Coordinate Systems
2.3Homogeneous Transformation of Transfer and Rotation
2.4Transformation of Object and Its Equations
2.5General Rotation Transformation
2.6Summary
Exercises
Chapter 3Kinematics of Robots
3.1Representation of the Kinematical Equation of Manipulators
3.1.1Representation of Pose and Oriented Angle of Manipulator
3.1.2Coordinate Representations of Transfer Transformation
3.1.3Matrix T and Matrix A
3.2Solving Kinematical Equations of Robot Manipulators
3.2.1Solution of the Euler Transformation
3.2.2Solution of RPY Transformations
3.2.3Solution of Spherical Coordinate Transformation
3.3Examples of Analysis and Synthesis for Robot Motion
3.3.1Motion Analysis of Robot Manipulator
3.3.2Motion Synthesis of Robot Manipulator
3.4Jacobian of Robot Manipulator
3.4.1Differential Motion of Robot
3.4.2Definition and Solving of Jacobian Matrix
3.4.3Computational Example of Robot Jacobian
3.5Summary
Exercises
Chapter 4Dynamics of Robot Robots
4.1Dynamics of a Rigid Body
4.1.1Kinetic and Potential Energy of a Rigid Body
4.1.2Lagrange Equation and NewtonEuler Equation
4.2Computation and Simplification of Dynamic Equation of Robot Manipulator
4.2.1Computing the Particle Velocity
4.2.2Computing the Kinetic and Potential Energy of Particle
4.2.3Derivation of Dynamic Equation of Manipulator
4.2.4Simplifying the Dynamic Equation of Manipulator
4.3Examples of Dynamic Equation of Manipulators
4.3.1Dynamic Equation of TwoLink Manipulator
4.3.2Velocity and Acceleration Dynamic Equations of ThreeLink
Manipulator
4.4Dynamic Properties of Robots
4.4.1Introduction to Dynamic Performance
4.4.2Stability
4.4.3Spatial Resolution
4.4.4Accuracy
4.4.5Repeatability
4.5Static Characteristics of Manipulators
4.5.1Representation of Static Forces and Moments
4.5.2Transformation of Forces Between Coordinate Frames
4.5.3Determination of Joint Torques
4.5.4Determination of Load Quantity
4.6Summary
Exercises
Chapter 5Position/Force Control of Robots
5.1Basic Principles of Robotic Control
5.1.1Classification, Variables and Levels of Robot Control
5.1.2Driving Systems of Robots
5.2Position Control of Robots
5.2.1Principle and Mathematical Model of D. C. Control System
5.2.2Basic Structure of Robot Position Control
5.2.3Structure and Model of Position Controller of a Single Joint
5.2.4Coupling and Compensation of Position Controller with Multiple
Joints
5.3Compliance Control of Robots Hybrid Control of Force/Position of Robot
5.3.1Compliance Motion and Compliance Control
5.3.2Active Impedance Control
5.3.3Control Scheme and Rule of Robot Hybrid Position/Force Control
5.3.4Computation of Hybrid Displacement/Force Control of Compliance
Motion
5.4Resolved Motion Control of Robots
5.4.1Principle of Resolved Motion Control
5.4.2Resolved Motion Velocity Control
5.4.3Resolved Motion Acceleration Control
5.4.4Resolved Motion Force Control
5.5Summary
Exercises
Chapter 6Advanced Control of Robots
6.1Variable Structure Control of Robots
6.1.1Features and Principles of Variable Structure Control
6.1.2Variable Structure Control of Robots in Sliding Mode
6.1.3Variable Structure Control of Robot Trajectory Tracking in Sliding
Mode
6.2Adaptive Control of Robots
6.2.1State Models and Structures of Adaptive Controller
6.2.2ModelReference Adaptive Controller of Robots
6.2.3SelfTuning Adaptive Controller of Robots
6.2.4Linear Perturbation Adaptive Controller of Robots
6.3Intelligent Control of Robots
6.3.1Introduction to Intelligent Control and Intelligent Control Systems
6.3.2Brief Introduction to Main Intelligent Control Systems
6.3.3Adaptive Fuzzy Control of Robot
6.3.4Neural Control of MultiFingered Robot Hand
6.4Summary
Exercises
Chapter 7Robot Sensors
7.1Features and Classification of Robot Sensors
7.1.1Introduction to Robot Sensors
7.1.2Consideration of Sensor Applications
7.2Inner Sensors
7.2.1Displacement/Position Sensors
7.2.2Velocity and Acceleration Sensors
7.2.3Force Sensors
7.3External Sensors
7.3.1Tactile Sensors
7.3.2Stress Sensors
7.3.3Proximity Sensors
7.3.4Other External Sensors
7.4Vision Devices of Robots
7.4.1Robot Eyes
7.4.2Video Digitizer
7.4.3Solid Vision Device
7.5Summary
Exercises
Chapter 8HighLevel Robot Planning
8.1Introduction to Robot Planning
8.1.1Function of Planning and Ways of Problem Decomposition
8.1.2Tasks and Methods of Robot Planning System
8.2Robot Planning of the Block World
8.2.1Robot Problem in the Block World
8.2.2Solving for Robot Planning of the Block World
8.3Planning System Based on Resolution Principle
8.3.1Organization of STRIPS System
8.3.2Planning Process of STRIPS System
8.3.3Planning with Multiple Solutions
8.4Robot Planning Based on the Expert System
8.4.1System Structure and Planning Mechanism
8.4.2ROPES Robot Planning Systems
8.5Robot Path Planning
8.5.1Main Methods and Development Trends of Robot Path Planning
8.5.2Robot Path Planning Based on Approximate Voronoi Diagram
8.5.3Robot Local Path Planning Based on Algorithm of Simulated
Annealing
8.5.4Robot Path Planning Based on Immune/Evolutionary Algorithms
and Instance Learning
8.5.5Robot Path Planning Based on Ant Algorithm
8.6Summary
Exercises
Chapter 9Robot Trajectory Planning
9.1General Considerations on Trajectory Planning
9.2Interpolated Calculation of Joint Trajectories
9.3Planning of Cartesian Path Trajectories
9.4RealTime Generation of Planning Trajectories
9.5Summary
Exercise
Chapter 10Robot Programming
10.1Requirements and Language Types to Robot Programming
10.1.1Requirements to Robot Programming
10.1.2Language Types of Robot Programming
10.2Structure and Basic Functions of Robot Language System
10.2.1Structure of Robot Language System
10.2.2Basic Functions of Robot Programming Languages
10.3CommonlyUsed Languages for Robot Programming
10.3.1Language VAL
10.3.2Language SIGLA
10.3.3Language IML
10.3.4Language AL
10.4OffLine Programming of Robots
10.4.1Features and Main Contents of Robot OffLine Programming
10.4.2Structure of Robot OffLine Programming System
10.4.3Robot OffLine Programming System HOLPSS
10.5Summary
Exercises
Chapter 11Robot Applications
11.1Factors Considered in Applying Industrial Robots
11.1.1Evaluating Tasks for Robots
11.1.2Three Technical Considerations for Applying Robots
11.1.3Rules of Thumb for Applying Robots
11.1.4Steps for Applying Robots
11.2Application Areas of Robots
11.2.1Robots for Industry
11.2.2Robots for Exploration
11.2.3Robots for Service
11.2.4Robots for Military
11.3Application Examples of Industrial Robots
11.3.1Robots for Material Handling
11.3.2Welding Robots
11.3.3Painting Robots
11.4Summary
Exercises
Chapter 12Prospect to Robots
12.1Current Situation and Prediction of Robot Technology and Market
12.2Developing Trends of Robot Technology in the 21 Century
12.3Social Problems Caused by Applying Robots
12.4Clone Technique Challenges to Intelligent Robot
12.5Summary
Exercises
References
List of EnglishChinese Terms
